英文外刊 8
##今日导读
监狱的目的是什么？这是一个引发争议的话题。本篇新闻中，新西兰的暴力囚犯们可以在草地上散步、享受日光浴和练习瑜伽，这一切即将在该国第一个“人道”监狱里实现。新西兰监狱方将犯人能够顺利重返社会、避免二次犯罪作为主要目的，而提供一个积极的没有威胁的监狱环境对此尤为重要。今天这篇来自《卫报》的新闻就探讨了这一话题，我们一起来看看吧。
带着问题听讲解
Q1: “囚犯”或“罪犯”都有哪些表达方式？
Q2: “supermax prison”指的是什么监狱？
Q3: 这个监狱里的罪犯有什么特点？
##新闻正文
Yoga, herbs and sunshine: New Zealand opens ‘humane’ jail for most violent inmates
瑜伽，香草，和阳光：新西兰为重刑犯开设“人道”监狱
New Zealand’s most violent and disturbed inmates will soon be able to walk on real grass, take sun baths and practise yoga in their cells as the country opens its first “humane” prison for maximum-security offenders.
很快，新西兰最暴力和精神失常的囚犯就得以能在草地上散步，在牢房里晒日光浴并练瑜伽，因为新西兰正在为这些最高戒备级别的罪犯开设首个“人道”监狱。
The NZ$300m prison has just been completed on the outskirts of Auckland and, when it opens, will be the only specialist facility for maximum- and high-security male prisoners in the country. The prison has been designed to operate as a “de facto mental health unit” as the number of mentally ill incarcerated men continues to soar.
这座价值 3 亿新西兰元的监狱刚于奥克兰郊外竣工，它投入使用后将成为该国唯一专门关押最高以及高度戒备级别男性囚犯的监狱。随着被监禁的精神病人的数量持续攀升，该监狱被设计为一个“实际上的精神健康部门”。
A seed propagation garden will allow prisoners to get their hands dirty and nurture new life, while a sensory garden aims to soothe and stimulate, with plants such as thyme and spearmint, and real grass underfoot. Horizontal rather than vertical bars allow inmates a better view of the natural world.
种子繁殖园能让囚犯们亲自动手培育新生命，而拥有如百里香、留兰香和脚底可触碰的草坪的感官园则旨在抚慰和鼓舞囚犯。水平而不是垂直的围栏让囚犯可以更好地欣赏大自然。
New Zealand has one of the highest incarceration rates in the developed world, and some 90% of prisoners have a life-long diagnosis of mental illness or addiction.
新西兰是监禁率最高的发达国家之一，而大约 90%的囚犯都被终生诊断为精神疾病或有毒瘾。
Neil Beales, corrections chief custodial officer, said the new prison was “more decent and humane” than the former facility, with the goal of rehabilitating prisoners.
惩治局的首席典狱官尼尔·比尔斯说，以使囚犯改过自新为目的的新监狱比以前的监狱“更体面、更人道”。
“Rehabilitation and reintegration has to start the minute that they come into prison: because they are going to leave prison. And if we don’t have a facility where we can do good programmes we are unlikely ever to see a decline in the prison numbers that we ultimately want.”
“改过自新和重返社会必须从他们入狱的那一刻就开始，因为他们终将离开监狱。如果我们没有一个场所来开展好项目，我们就几乎不可能如我们最初所希望的那样，看到监狱数量的下降。”
————— 文章来源 / 卫报
重点词汇
humane/hjuːˈmeɪn/
adj. 人道的；仁慈的 (humanism n.)
e.g.
humane education
inmate/ˈɪnmeɪt/
n. （监狱中的）囚犯；（精神病院中的）病人
disturbed/dɪˈstɜːrbd/
adj. 有精神障碍的
e.g.
His mind was disturbed.
maximum-security
adj. 高度戒备的（监狱）
e.g.
super-maximum security (supermax)
offender/əˈfendər/
n. 罪犯
e.g.
convict
criminal
outskirts/ˈaʊtskɜːrts/
n. 郊区
de facto/ˌdeɪ ˈfæktoʊ/
adv. 实际上
e.g.
English is de facto the common language of much of the world today.
incarcerated/ɪnˈkɑːrsəreɪtid/
adj. 被监禁的（incarcerate v.）
e.g.
He spent several years incarcerated in prison.
propagation/ˌprɑːpəˈɡeɪʃn/
n. （动植物）繁殖；传播（propagate v.）
e.g.
Most plants propagate by seed.
Most plants can be propagated from seed.
get one’s hands dirty
把手弄脏；亲自动手
e.g.
It’s really important for a big company like us to get our hands dirty.
soothe/suːð/
v. 使平静；安慰
e.g.
to soothe a crying baby
thyme/taɪm/
n. 百里香
spearmint/ˈspɪrmɪnt/
n. 留兰香
horizontal/ˌhɑːrəˈzɑːntl/
adj. 水平的
vertical/ˈvɜːrtɪkl/
adj. 垂直的
corrections/kəˈrekʃnz/
n. 惩治；劳改
e.g.
the department of corrections
corrections officers
custodial/kʌˈstoʊdiəl/
adj. 送进监狱的；监禁的
rehabilitate/ˌriːəˈbɪlɪteɪt/
v. 使康复；使（囚犯）获得改造
e.g.
The prison should rehabilitate prisoners so that they can lead new lives when they leave prison.
reintegration／ˌri:inti’ɡreiʃn／
n. （囚犯）重返社会（integrate v.）
e.g.
He finds it’s difficult to integrate socially.
##拓展内容
西方常见的香草种类
basil: 罗勒叶；九层塔
chives: 细香葱
cilantro/coriander: 香菜
parsley: 欧芹
peppermint: 薄荷
rosemary: 迷迭香
sage: 鼠尾草
lavender: 薰衣草
新西兰“人性化”监狱背后的真相
\1. 新西兰是监禁率最高的发达国家之一，毛利人（Māori）在新西兰尽管只占总人口的 15％，但是却占监狱所有囚犯的 50％以上。因此“人道监狱”的举措可能也有缓和种族矛盾的考虑。
\2. 新西兰监狱大约 90％的囚犯被诊断为患有精神疾病，且患精神病的囚犯人数持续飙升。
\3. 随着患精神病的囚犯人数持续攀升，精神病院的病床往往人满为患，惩治部门不得不建造能给予他们医疗关怀的、适合精神病患者的监狱。
